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Greek Legends and Myths                           

THE NEREIDS IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY

The Nereid Sea Nymphs

The Nereids were part of the Greek pantheon of deities in antiquity, and like many of this pantheon, the Nereids were associated with water, for the Nereids were Greek sea nymphs.
 
Water had many different deities associated with it, including the important gods Poseidon and Oceanus, the Nereids were perhaps at a lower level of importance, but were contemporary with the likes of the Oceanids, the Potamoi, and Naiads. 

The Greek Nereids

Ancient sources tell of there being 3000 Oceanids and the same number of Potamoi, but there were fewer Nereids, for there were said to be but 50 of this group of water nymphs. These 50 Nereids were the daughters of the ancient sea god Nereus, and his wife Doris, an Oceanid.
 
The Nereids were said to be beautiful young maidens, commonly found frolicking amongst the waves of the Mediterranean, or sunning themselves on rocky outcrops.
 
The Nereid sea nymphs were seen as benevolent figures, and were often said to help the sailors and fishermen who were lost or in distress. To give thanks for the Nereids, most of the fishing ports and harbours throughout Ancient Greece would have a shrine or similar structure dedicated to the daughters of Nereus.
 
The primary role of the Nereids though was to act as attendants to Poseidon, and so they were commonly seen in the company of the god. Whilst associated with the Mediterranean, they were thought to be specifically concentrated with the Aegean Sea, for this was where their father, Nereus, had his palace.  
Nereids
The Nereids - Adoplhe Lalyre (1848-1933) - PD-art-100
Nereids
The Nereids - Joaquín Sorolla (1863-1923) - PD-art-100

Names of Nereids

Despite there being only 50 Nereids there is no consensus amongst the writers of ancient texts about the names of the Nereids.
 
Despite this lack of agreement, the names given to the Nereids would represent a personification of a particular attribute of the sea. So the Nereid Melite was representative of calm seas, Actaea, was the personification of the seashore, and Eulimene, was seen to represent good harbouring.
 
These three Nereids though are virtually unknown today, and indeed the names of most of the Nereids would be unrecognisable to the vast majority of people. There are though a handful of Nereids whose names are relatively famous. 

Poseidon and the Nereids
Poseidon and the Nereids - Alexandre Cabanel (1823-1889) - PD-art-100

The Nereid Amphitrite

Amphitrite is amongst the most famous of all of the Greek sea nymphs, for the Nereid was the wife of the Olympian sea god Poseidon.
 
Initially, though, Amphitrite did take kindly to Poseidon attempting to make the Nereid his wife, indeed, Amphitrite would flee from these advances. Amphitrite would find refuge at the furthest extremes of the sea. Whilst Poseidon could not find Amphitrite, the hiding place of the Nereid was discovered by Delphin, the dolphinesque sea god. Delphin talked to Nereid and convinced her to return, and wed, Poseidon.
 
Delphin was persuasive, and Amphitrite did return to become the Queen of the Sea, and would sit beside her new husband, Poseidon. 
Nereid Amphitrite
The Triumph of Amphitrite - Hugues Taraval (1729–1785) - PD-art-100

The Nereid Thetis

Possibly even more famous than Amphitrite is the Nereid Thetis, for Thetis was often said to be the leader of the Nereids.
 
Even amongst the beautiful Nereids, Thetis was often said to be the most beautiful, and her looks attracted both Zeus and Poseidon. Before either god could have their way with the sea nymph though, a prophecy was told of the son of Thetis becoming even more powerful than his father. Neither Zeus nor Poseidon wished for their potential son being more powerful than them, and so Zeus arranged for Thetis to be married off to a mortal, the Greek hero Peleus.
 
Thetis had no desire to be married to a mortal though, and like Amphitrite before her, she fled from the advances of her suitor. Eventually though, Peleus would catch her in a trap, and a marriage between Thetis and Peleus was agreed upon. Events at the wedding feast would be one of the starting points of the Trojan War.
 
The marriage of Thetis and Peleus would bring forth one son, Achilles, a Greek hero who indeed would be more powerful than his father, just as the prophecy had stated.
 
When Achilles was still young, Thetis would attempt to make her son immortal, making use of ambrosia and fire to burn away the mortal part of Achilles. Thetis though was discovered in the act, and so fled from the angry Peleus, back to her father’s palace.
 
Thetis though would continue to keep a watchful overview on her son, and when the Trojan War broke out, Thetis tried to hide Achilles away, although the hiding place was discovered by the resourceful Odysseus.

The Nereid Thetis would also appear in the Argonautica the story of Jason and the Argonaut’s quest for the Golden Fleece. In keeping with the benevolent nature of Greek Nereids, Thetis guided the Argo through the twin dangers of Scylla and Charybdis. 
Wedding of Thetis and Peleus
Golden Apple of Discord - Jacob Jordaens (1593–1678) - PD-art-100

The Nereid Galatea

A third famous Nereid is Galatea, and she, like her sisters Amphitrite and Thetis, had a famous suitor, for Galatea was pursued by the Cyclops Polyphmeus.
 
The story of the Nereid Galatea is one of antiquity’s most famous love stories, for a love triangle sees Galatea not in love with Polyphemus, but with the shepherd Acis. Polyphemus does away with his rival by crushing Acis beneath a boulder, with Galatea then transforming Acis into a river.
 
In some versions of the tale, Galatea though does allow herself to be wooed by Polyphemus, who in these versions is far from being a savage, and a match between Galatea and Polyphemus would have been a suitable one. 
Galatea
The Love of Acis and Galatea - Alexandre Cabanel (1823-1889) - PD-art-100

The Vengeance of the Nereids

The Nereids also appeared en masse in a tale from Greek mythology, for the sea nymphs, like most others in the Greek pantheon, were quick to anger when slighted.
 
It is tale that overlaps with the story of Perseus, for at this time the King of Aethiopia (unknown Africa) was Cepheus. Cepheus was married the beautiful Cassiopeia, but Queen Cassiopeia recognised her own beauty, and loudly proclaimed it, even going as far as saying that she was more beautiful than any Nereid.
 
The Nereid sea nymphs took umbrage with such a boast from a mere mortal, and complained to Poseidon. To appease the Nereids Poseidon dispatched the sea monster Cetes to ravage the lands of Aethiopia.
 
The only way that Cetes could be placated was for Cepheus to sacrifice his own daughter, Andromeda, but luckily for princess Andromeda, Perseus was on the return leg of his quest for the head of Medusa. So Perseus made use of the head of the gorgon Medusa, turned Cetes to stone, and rescued Andromeda. 

The Names of Nereids

Name  Translation   Name  Translation   Name Translation
Actaea  Sea Shells   Ephyra     Menippe  Strong Horses
Agaue Illustrious   Erato  The Lovely   Nausithoe Swift Ships
Amatheia  Nurses   Euagore Good Assemblage   Nemertes  Unerring Counsel
Amphinome  Sea Bounty   Euarne  Well-Lambed   Neomeris  
Amphithoe Sea Currents   Eucrante Successful Voyage   Nerea  
Amphitrite  Queen of the Sea   Eudore  Fine Gifts   Nesaea  Islands
Apseudes      Eulimene  Good Harbourage   Neso  Islands
Arethusa     Eumolpe The Fine Singer   Opis  
Asia     Eunice Fine Victory   Oreithyia Raging Waves
Autonoe  Tidal Pools   Eupompe Fine Procession   Panopea Panorama
Beroe     Eurydice     Panope   
Callianassa Lovely Queen   Galene Calm Seas   Pasithea All Divine
Callianeira      Galatea  White Sea Foam   Pherusa Rescued Sailors
Calypso Concealed One   Glauce Blue Grey Waters   Phyllodoce  
Ceto Sea Monsters   Glauconome Grey Seas   Plexaure Twisting Breeze
Claea     Halie Brine   Ploto  Sailing Winds
Clymene  Fame   Halimede  Lady of the Brine   Polynome Many Pastured
Cranto     Hipponoe  Knows about Horses   Pontomedusa Sea-Queen
Creneis     Hippothoe Swift Waves   Pontoporeia Crossing of the Sea
Cydippe     Iaera      Poulynoe  Rich of Mind
Cymo  Wave   Ianassa     Pronoe  Forethought
Cymatolege  End of Waves   Ianeira Healing Waters   Proto First Voyage
Cymodoce  Steadying Waves   Ione     Protomedeia  First Queen
Cymothoe  Running Waves   Iphianassa     Psamathe Sand
Deiopea     Laomedeia  Leader of the Folk   Sao Safe Passage
Dero     Leiagore Assembling of Fish   Speio  Sea Caves
Dexamene  Swimming   Leucothoe     Thalia Blooming Seas
Dione The Divine   Ligea     Themisto Customary Law
Doris Sea's Bounty   Limnoreia  Salt-Marsh   Thetis  Spawning
Doto  Generous Catch   Lycorias     Thoe Swift Voyage
Drymo     Lysianassa Royal Delivery   Xantho  
Dynamene  The Sea's Power   Maera        
Eione Beach Strand   Melite  Calm Waves      
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